ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: The advantages of laparoscopic surgery over traditional open surgery have changed the surgical education paradigm in the past 20 years. Among its benefits are an improvement in clinical outcomes and patient safety, becoming the standard in many surgical procedures. However, it encompasses an additional challenge due to the complexity to achieve the desired competency level. Simulation-based training has emerged as a solution to this problem. However, there is a relative scarcity of experts to provide personalized feedback. Technology-Enhanced Learning could be a valuable aid in personalizing the learning process and overcoming geographic and time-related barriers that otherwise would preclude the training to happen. Currently, various educational digital platforms are available, but none of them is able to successfully provide personalized feedback. AIMS: The aim of this study was to develop and test a proof of concept of a novel Technology-Enhanced Learning laparoscopic skills platform with personalized remote feedback. METHODS: The platform “Lapp,” a web and mobile cloud-based solution, is proposed. It consists of a web and mobile application where teachers can evaluate remotely and asynchronously exercises performed by students, adding personalized feedback for trainees to achieve a learning curve wherever and whenever they train. To assess the effectiveness of this platform, two groups of students were compared: 130 participants received in-person feedback and 39 participants received remote asynchronous feedback throughout the application. RESULTS: The results showed no significant differences regarding competency levels among both groups. CONCLUSION: A novel Technology-Enhanced Learning strategy consisting of remote asynchronous feedback throughout Lapp facilitates and optimizes learning, solving traditional spatiotemporal limitations.

RESUMO RACIONAL: As vantagens da cirurgia laparoscópica sobre a cirurgia aberta tradicional mudaram o paradigma da educação cirúrgica nos últimos 20 anos, tornando-se o padrão em muitos procedimentos cirúrgicos. No entanto, envolve um desafio adicional devido à complexidade para atingir o nível de competência desejado. O treinamento baseado em simulação surgiu como uma solução. No entanto, há uma relativa escassez de especialistas para fornecer feedback personalizado. A Technology Enhanced Learning pode ser uma ajuda valiosa na personalização do processo de aprendizagem e na superação de barreiras geográficas e temporais que impediriam o treinamento. Atualmente, várias plataformas educacionais estão disponíveis, mas nenhuma delas é capaz de fornecer feedback personalizado. OBJETIVOS: desenvolver e testar uma prova de conceito de uma nova plataforma de habilidades laparoscópicas da Technology Enhanced Learning com feedback remoto personalizado. MÉTODOS: É proposta a plataforma “Lapp”, uma solução web e móvel baseada em nuvem. É composta por uma aplicação web em que os professores podem avaliar remotamente e de forma assíncrona exercícios realizados pelos alunos, adicionando feedback personalizado para os formandos alcançarem uma curva de aprendizagem onde e quando treinam. Para avaliar a eficácia desta plataforma, dois grupos de alunos foram comparados. 130 participantes receberam feedback pessoal e 39 participantes receberam feedback remoto assíncrono em todo o aplicativo. RESULTADOS: Os resultados não mostraram diferenças significativas em relação ao nível de competência entre os dois grupos. CONCLUSÕES: Uma nova estratégia Technology Enhanced Learning que consiste em feedback assíncrono remoto em toda a Lapp facilita e otimiza o aprendizado, resolvendo as limitações espaço-temporais tradicionais.

Aim: To describe the design and creation of a high-fidelity thoracic trauma surgery simulation model incorporating 3D printing technology using a cadaveric human torso as a model. Materials and Method: This is a descriptive study that aims to illustrate the creation process of a thoracic trauma surgery simulation model throughout the incorporation of prototypes and dynamic iteration technologies. Results: A high-fidelity reusable thoracic trauma surgery simulation model was created from the digitalization of a cadaveric torso using a computed tomography scan. Throughout digital reconstruction tools, the subcutaneous, muscular, and skeletal structures were modeled from images obtained before and after an anterolateral thoracotomy. Using 3D printing and synthetic materials, a high-fidelity thoracic cavity was built so that perfused and ventilated porcine heart and lungs could be placed. A thoracotomy patch for the anterolateral thoracotomy was designed in a reusable and low-cost fashion. This simulation model is suitable for high fidelity training in the surgical management of cardiopulmonary traumatic injuries. Conclusion: The described methodology allowed the creation of a simulation model for training and assessment of surgical skills in thoracic trauma. The main components of the simulation model are made from reusable materials, broadening access to low-cost, high fidelity training.

Resumen Objetivo: Presentar la elaboración de un simulador de trauma torácico de alta fidelidad elaborado mediante modelamiento e impresión 3D a partir de un torso humano cadavérico. Materiales y Método: Estudio descriptivo del desarrollo de un simulador de trauma torácico utilizando metodología centrada en el prototipado y la iteración basada en testeos. Resultados: Se elaboró un simulador reutilizable mediante la digitalización de un torso cadavérico utilizando tomografía computada. Se realizó una reconstrucción digital del torso diseñando los planos subcutáneos, muscular y óseo en base a las imágenes del paciente pre y postoracotomía anterolateral. Utilizando impresión 3D y materiales sintéticos, se elaboró la caja torácica para luego instalar un corazón y pulmón porcino ventilado y perfundido. Los parches de la toracotomía son reemplazables y de bajo costo. En conjunto, este simulador permite el entrenamiento en manejo de lesiones traumáticas cardiacas y pulmonares de alta fidelidad. Conclusión: La metodología presentada permite la creación de un modelo para el entrenamiento y evaluación de habilidades quirúrgicas en trauma torácico. Los elementos principales del simulador son reutilizables y permiten mantener bajos los costos del entrenamiento.

ABSTRACT Ingestion of foreign bodies is common in the pediatric population. Most foreign bodies have a benign behavior and are usually eliminated without generating greater morbidity and mortality. In relation to the intake of magnets, its frequency has increased to the point that it currently represents a public health problem in the pediatric population. The ingestion of a single magnet does not generate any risk, but the ingestion of 2 or more of these, or even of magnets and metals in succession is considered an emergency since they can attract each other and can cause serious symptoms of intestinal obstruction, bleeding, fistulas, perforation and even intestinal necrosis. We present 2 pediatric patients, who ingested multiple magnets, in these cases we highlight the variety in the clinical presentation, as well as the complications presented in relation to a late diagnosis.

RESUMEN La ingesta de cuerpos extraños es común en población pediátrica. La mayoría de cuerpos extraños tienen un comportamiento benigno y suelen ser eliminados sin generar mayor morbimortalidad. En relación a la ingesta de imanes, se ha incrementado su frecuencia, a tal punto que en la actualidad representa un problema de salud pública en población pediátrica. La ingesta de un solo imán no genera ningún riesgo, pero la ingestión de 2 o más de estos, o incluso de imanes y metales de forma sucesiva se considera una emergencia ya que estos pueden atraerse entre sí pudiendo provocar cuadros graves de obstrucción intestinal, sangrado, fístulas, perforación e incluso necrosis intestinal. Presentamos 2 pacientes en edad pediátrica, que ingirieron múltiples imanes, en estos casos resaltamos la variedad en la presentación clínica, así como las complicaciones presentadas en relación a un diagnóstico tardío.

ABSTRACT A new species of the pseudoscorpion genus Cystowithius Harvey, 2004 is described based on several males and females collected in the Cordillera Central near Manizales and Villamaría, Caldas, Colombia. The type series was collected under or on the bark of Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill ex Maiden (Myrtaceae). Cystowithius ankeri sp. nov. is the fifth species in the genus, differing from its four congeners by several characters, including the position of the male sternal invaginations, the length of the movable finger of the pedipalp, and the tactile setae of tarsus IV situated subdistally. A revised identification key to the five species of Cystowithius is also presented. The first barcode (COI gene) of a species of this genus is also provided.

Abstract: Community psychology approaches the study of leadership from a critical perspective, revealing its potential of transforming social reality within the framework of the processes of associativity and social exchange. In order to know the public perception about leadership and public policies, during 2017, we developed and applied a questionnaire to a sample of 247 people between 20 and 75 years of age, residents of the Metropolitan and Valparaíso regions. Its aim was to know the citizens’ perception based on the representations, meanings and assessment of the leadership in current public policies. The analysis of the quantitative data included the use of descriptive statistics and, for the qualitative data, we worked with the guidelines of the theory of the central nucleus of social representations. The results show little recognition of the public policy of leadership. Meanings and assessments associated with group and horizontal leadership were observed, while their representations are fundamentally of an individual type. We discuss the possibility of constructing new views of the leadership from public policy, enhancing it as a collective and transformative process.

Resumen: La psicología comunitaria aborda el liderazgo desde una perspectiva crítica, relevando su potencial transformador de la realidad social, en el marco de los procesos de asociatividad e intercambio social. Con el objetivo de conocer la percepción ciudadana en torno a la inclusión del liderazgo en planes, programas y proyectos de políticas públicas en Chile, durante el año 2017, elaboramos y aplicamos un cuestionario a una muestra de 247 personas entre 20 y 75 años, residentes de las regiones Metropolitana y de Valparaíso. Su objetivo fue conocer la percepción con base en las representaciones, significados y valoración del liderazgo implementados en las políticas públicas actuales. El análisis de los datos cuantitativo incluyó uso de estadísticos descriptivos y, para los cualitativos, se trabajó con los lineamientos de la teoría del núcleo central de las representaciones sociales. Los resultados muestran un escaso reconocimiento de la inclusión del tema del liderazgo en la política pública. Se observaron significados y valoraciones asociadas a un liderazgo de tipo grupal y horizontal, mientras que sus representaciones son fundamentalmente de tipo individual. Se discute la posibilidad de construir nuevas miradas del liderazgo desde la política pública, potenciándolo como un proceso colectivo y transformador.

RESUMEN El Bosque Seco Tropical (bs-T) es uno de los biomas más diversos y amenazados de Colombia. Hay poca información de la riqueza del orden Pseudoscorpiones (Arachnida) en este ecosistema en el país. En aspectos ecológicos, los pseudoescorpiones son interesantes ya que son indicadores potenciales de la conservación del hábitat. Sin embargo, es necesario reunir más conocimientos relacionados con su variación espacio-temporal. En este estudio se evaluó la variación de la diversidad de seudoescorpiones en dos fragmentos del Bosque Seco Tropical en la región del Caribe de Colombia: Reserva Campesina La Montaña (RCM) y Reserva La Flecha (RLF). Para lograr esto, se realizaron cuatro muestreos entre marzo y septiembre de 2016 para incluir la estación seca y lluviosa. Los seudoescorpiones se recolectaron utilizando cernido de hojarasca (SL) y captura manual (MC). Un total de 260 individuos pertenecientes a cinco familias y ocho especies fueron recolectados. La más abundante fue Pachyolpium granulatum (Olpiidae) y la familia más rica fue Chernetidae. Los métodos de recolección demostraron ser efectivos y complementarios. La variación espacial fue significativa, pero no se observó variación temporal. Sin embargo, hubo una marcada diferencia entre la abundancia en RCM en la estación seca y en la estación lluviosa. En contraste, en RLF la mayoría de los individuos se encontraron en la estación seca en comparación con la estación lluviosa. Estos nuevos datos faunísticos son los primeros de su orden en los departamentos de Atlántico y Bolívar.

ABSTRACT The Dry Tropical Forest (DTF) is one of the most diverse yet threatened biomes of Colombia. There is limited information about the richness of the order Pseudoscorpiones (Arachnida) in this ecosystem in the country. Pseudoscorpions are ecologically interesting, as they may be good indicators of habitat conservation. However, it is still necessary to gather more knowledge related to its spatio-temporal variation. In this study, pseudoscorpion diversity variation was assessed in two fragments of the Dry Tropical Forest in the Caribbean region of Colombian: Reserva Campesina La Montaña (RCM) and Reserva La Flecha (RLF). Four samplings were carried out between March and September of 2016 to include the dry and rainy season. Pseudoscorpions were collected using litter sifting (SL) and manual capture (MC). A total of 260 individuals belonging to five families and eight species were collected. The most abundant was Pachyolpium granulatum (Olpiidae) and the richest family was Chernetidae. The collection methods were effective and complementary. Spatial variation was significant, but no temporal variation was observed however, there was a marked difference between the abundance at RCM in the dry season and the rainy season. In contrast, at RLF most individuals were found in the dry season in comparison with the rainy season. These new faunistic data is the first of its order in the Atlántico and Bolívar department.

Gluten and other related proteins of the wheat, rye and barley, have antigenic properties that may trigger adverse reactions in susceptible individuals. Celiac disease was the first pathology with clear causal association related to the intake of these proteins. Recently, wheat allergy and non celiac gluten sensitivity have been described. Although, clinical presentation and its relation with protein ingestion may be similar and elicit confusion, their pathogenic mechanism, diagnosis and treatment are quite different. Since the prevalence of these diseases is relatively high as a whole, it is essential that these become familiar to primary care doctors and general pediatricians, thus they will know how to differentiate and face them. The aim of this review is to compare the main aspects of epidemiology, pathofisiology, diagnosis and treatment of these 3 conditions.

El gluten y otras proteínas relacionadas del trigo, centeno y cebada, tienen propiedades antigénicas que pueden desencadenar reacciones adversas en individuos susceptibles. La enfermedad celíaca fue la primera patología en que se estableció relación causal con estas proteínas alimentarias. Recientemente se han descrito la alergia al trigo y la sensibilidad no celíaca al gluten. Si bien sus formas de presentación clínica y su relación con la ingesta pueden ser similares, sus mecanismos patogénicos, forma de diagnóstico y tratamiento difieren. Dado que su prevalencia en conjunto es relativamente alta, resulta necesario que los médicos de atención primaria y pediatras se familiaricen con estas patologías, sepan cómo diferenciarlas y enfrentarlas. El objetivo de esta revisión es comparar los principales aspectos de epidemiología, fisiopatología, diagnóstico y tratamiento de estas 3 condiciones.

ResumenEl propósito de la investigación fue determinar las estrategias de aprendizaje a partir del uso de computadoras XO-01, Classmate PC y Magallanes en un modelo de proporción 2:1 y el uso de Internet, en las materias de Ciencias y Estudios Sociales, por estudiantes de sexto grado de primaria de la escuela León Cortes Castro en San Marcos de Tarrazú en Costa Rica. El estudio se ejecutó con tres grupos de sexto grado de primaria según el sistema educativo costarricense, durante el año 2011. Los datos recolectados corresponden a 70 estudiantes y los 3 docentes de grado correspondientes a cada grupo. Cada uno de los grupos trabajó con tecnologías diferentes, un grupo con XO-01, otro grupo con Classmate PC y el tercero con Classmate Magallanes; todos los grupos utilizando una computadora por cada dos estudiantes (2:1). Para desarrollar la investigación se aplicaron instrumentos a estudiantes y docentes. Ambos instrumentos de tipo cualitativo fueron auto aplicados y bajo anonimato. La información recopilada fue procesada y se aplicó un análisis de tendencias agrupando los datos según las escalas y subescalas desarrolladas en los cuestionarios. Para el proceso de sistematización y análisis se usó como marco de referencia la propuesta de Jesús Beltrán y su definición y categorización de estrategias de aprendizaje. Los resultados señalan que en el grupo de estudiantes se desarrollaron estrategias de sensibilización, elaboración y metacognición. En el caso del grupo docente, la investigación permitió identificar las principales actividades desarrolladas para tratar el contenido del plan de estudios de Ciencias y Estudios Sociales, a saber: resúmenes, cuestionarios y esquemas.

AbstractThe purpose of the research was to determine the learning strategies implemented through the use of XO and Classmate computers and Internet as support mechanisms for curricular learning in Science and Social Studies for students of the León Cortes Castro school at San Marcos de Tarrazú, Costa Rica.The research was implemented with three sixth-level school groups in 2011. The information is from 70 students and the corresponding three teachers from each group. Each one of the groups worked with different technology, one group with XO-01, another group whit Classmate PC and the third one with Classmate Magallanes. In order to develop the research, questionnaires were applied to students and teachers. Both questionnaires were self-administered and anonymous. The information compiled was processed and a tendency analysis was applied, grouping the data according to level and sub-level in the questionnaires. For the analysis process, the Jesús Beltrán proposal, his definition and categorization of the learning strategies was used as a theoretical reference. The results show that sensibilization, elaboration and metacognitive strategies were developed in the group of students. In the case of the teachers, the research allowed the identification of the main activities developed to explain curricular learning in Science and Social Studies (questionnaires, summaries and diagrams).